Sunday, May 17, 2009
Buod ng Mag-inang Mahirap
Monday, May 11, 2009
Panimula sa “Mag-inang Mahirap”
Noong hindi pa kami marunong bumasa ng mga kapatid ko, binabasahan kami ng Nanay namin. Pagkakain ng tanghalian, kailangang matulog ang mga bata para lumaki. At para makatulog kaming mga bata, binabasahan kami ni Nanay.
Sa dami ng mga kwentong binasa ni Nanay sa amin, ang Noli Me Tangere ni Jose Rizal ang tandang-tanda ko. Ang ibang kwento’y maiikli, pero ang Noli ay laging may karugtong. Nakalarawan iyon, parang komiks.
Pagkatapos ko ng hayskul, puro literaturang kanluranin ang binasa ko dahil iyon ang nasa kurikulum at dahil baduy palang magbasa ng mga nobelang Tagalog, lalo na kung galing sa Liwayway, Bulaklak, at Tagumpay.
Taong 1987. Kailangang magsulat ako ng disertasyon para maging isang ganap na Ph.D. Isang kaibigan at kaklase sa Paaralang Gradwado ng UST (University of Santo Tomas), si Dr. Venancio Mendiola, ang nagmungkahing basahin ko ang Nena at Neneng ni Valeriano Hernandez at Peña.
“Sino kamo?” tanong ko.
“Si Valeriano Hernandez at Peña,” ulit ni Dr. Mendiola.
“Sino siya?” tanong ko uli.
“Siya ang Ama ng Nobelang Tagalog,” sagot ni Dr. Mendiola.
“E bakit hindi ko siya kilala?” tanong ko na naman.
Bilang sagot, pinahiram ako ni Dr. Mendiola ng isang kopya ng Nena at Neneng.
Nang gabing iyon, nilamay kong basahin ang Nena at Neneng ni Valeriano Hernandez at Peña. Para akong isang ulilang natagpuan ang kanyang mga magulang na buhay pala. Para akong isang bingi at pipi na biglang nakarinig at nakapagsalita.
Nang dumating ang umaga, humahangos akong nagpunta sa Pambansang Aklatan para maghanap ng mga datos tungkol kay Valeriano Hernandez at Peña. Nalaman kong may naisulat na palang tesis tungkol sa kanyang Nena at Neneng. Ito’y ang tesis ni Naomi Z. Ortiz na sinulat noong 1954.
Nalaman ko ring may iba pang nobela si Valeriano Hernandez at Peña at hinanap ko ang mga iyon. Nang mahawakan ko ang Kasaysayan ng Mag-inang Mahirap sa unang pagkakataon, binasa ko iyon nang isang upuan lamang – mga dalawang oras.
Hindi kasi pwedeng iuwi ang kopyang naninilaw na at nagkakalaglagan na ang mga pahina. Higit sa lahat, hindi ko binitiwan ang Mag-inang Mahirap dahil biglang bumalik sa kamalayan ko ang Noling binasa sa akin ng Nanay ko.
Manghang-mangha ako dahil sa Mag-inang Mahirap, isang ganap na katotohanan ang rebolusyong pangarap sa Noli. Gusto kong bigyang-diin na sa Mag-inang Mahirap, ang rebolusyon ay hindi kathang-isip. Iyon ay isang dakilang pangyayari sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas. At si Jose Rizal, ang sumulat ng Noli, ay itinanghal na martir ng rebolusyong iyon.
Binaril si Rizal sa Bagumbayan, nag-alab ang rebolusyon, at nang nananalo na ang mga Filipino, nangako ng mga reporma ang mga Kastila sa pamamagitan ng Kasunduang Biak-na-Bato. Dito natapos ang rebolusyon sa kasaysayan ng Mag-inang Mahirap. Subalit walang nagbago sa lipunan. Mahirap pa rin ang mahirap. Api pa rin ang api.
Kaya siguro napakalakas ng dating sa akin ng Mag-inang Mahirap ni Valeriano Hernandez at Peña ay dahil parang karugtong ito ng Noli ng aking kamusmusan. Bilang isang paslit, tinanggap ko nang buong-buo na mahirap ang Pilipinas dahil sa mga dayuhang mapang-api. At kailangang magrebolusyon para maitama ang mali.
Nang matapos kong basahin ang Mag-inang Mahirap sa unang pagkakataon, sumambulat ang aking musmos na paniniwala. Wala namang dayuhang mapang-api sa Mag-inang Mahirap. Pare-parehong Filipino ang inaapi at nang-aapi. Naganap nga ang rebolusyon pero hindi pa rin naitama ang mali.
Sa madaling salita, nakamit ko ang aking Ph.D. sa Literatura noong 1991 mula sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas. Ang aking disertasyon?
"An Interpretation and Translation of Valeriano Hernandez-Peña’s Mag-inang Mahirap."
Mula sa malalim na Tagalog, isinalin ko sa Inggles ang nobelang unang inilathala noong 1905 sapagkat maraming kabataang Filipino ang hindi na marunong bumasa ng malalim na Tagalog. Isa pa, naisip kong maraming Filipino sa iba't ibang panig ng mundo ang talagang hindi na marunong ng kahit konting Tagalog.
Subalit Filipino pa rin sila sa puso at diwa. Gustung-gusto nilang maunawaan ang kanilang pinagmulan at kasaysayan.
Mahigit isang siglo (100 taon) na ang lumipas mula nang unang ilathala ang Mag-inang Mahirap subalit makabuluhan at mahalaga pa rin ito sa ating kasalukuyang panahon. Bayaan ninyong ibahagi ko sa inyong lahat ang isang talata mula sa panimula ng aking disertasyon:
Friday, May 1, 2009
Introduction to "Mag-inang Mahirap"
In the 1950s, when I was a child who didn’t know how to read and write yet, I remember our mother reading to me and my siblings. It was an after-lunch ritual. Children must have an afternoon nap so they’d grow faster. To put us to sleep, our mother read aloud to us.
Sounds funny, doesn’t it? I do the same thing with my grandkids. I read to them to put them to sleep.
I don’t remember growing up on fairy tales. Instead of the usual children’s books, I remember our mother reading to us illustrated versions of Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
She also read to us her favorite novels from popular magazines: Liwayway, Bulaklak, and Tagumpay.
When I went to college, I stopped reading popular magazines because it wasn’t popular with young people my age. Besides, the curriculum was packed with Western literature.
In 1987, I was in search of a topic for a doctoral dissertation. A classmate and friend, Dr. Venancio Mendiola, suggested that I write on Nena at Neneng by Valeriano Hernandez at Peña.
“Who?” I replied with a frown.
“Who’s he?” I asked.
“He’s the Father of the Tagalog novel.”
I was astounded. I was a literature major about to write a doctoral dissertation and I didn’t know the Father of the Tagalog novel. I didn’t know my own literature.
Dr. Mendiola lent me a copy of Nena at Neneng by Valeriano Hernandez at Peña.
The very same night, I burned the midnight oil reading the novel in one sitting. I was gripped by a sense of euphoria.
I felt as if I had been a deaf-mute who suddenly experienced the miracle of hearing and speech.
I felt as if I were an orphan who had suddenly found her living parents.
I felt as if I had been resurrected from death.
At the crack of dawn, I dressed up and went straight away to the National Library in Manila. I found out that a master’s thesis (Naomi Ortiz, 1954) had already been written on Nena at Neneng by Valeriano Hernandez at Peña.
Not to worry. My long-lost ‘father’ had written other novels. Skimming and scanning as fast as I could, I finally discovered Mag-inang Mahirap. I read the 350-page book in two hours. That’s because it could not be loaned out.
Mag-inang Mahirap gripped me even stronger than Nena at Neneng.
In one sweep, I was transported back to my childhood memories of Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
In Mag-inang Mahirap, the Philippine Revolution (1896-1898) against Spain was a consummated historic event. Mag-inang Mahirap was like a sequel to Noli and Fili. In Noli and Fili, it seemed as if every wrong would be made right if we could gain independence from Spain.
I believed with the naivete of a child that the poor were poor and the Philippines was poor because of oppressive foreign rulers. I believed with the simple faith of a child that every wrong would be made right after the revolution.
But Mag-inang Mahirap shattered my naivete and simple faith. It was an obvious truth right under my nose – and so I never saw it. Maybe I was wearing blinders. Maybe I was too wrapped up in Homer’s The Iliad and Odyssey that I failed to see what was around me – my own literature, my own history, my own people.
Mag-inang Mahirap showed that the poor were poor and the Philippines was poor because the Filipino elite oppressed the poor and the Filipino government tyrannized the Filipino people.
There were no Spaniards oppressing Sisa’s and Basilio’s in Mag-inang Mahirap. The oppressed and the oppressors were both Filipinos. The revolution was consummated but every wrong remained wrong.
And so in 1991, I finally earned my Ph.D. in Literature from the University of Santo Tomas. My dissertation? “An Interpretation and Translation of Valeriano Hernandez-Peña’s Mag-inang Mahirap"
I interpreted and translated the 1905 novel from old Tagalog to English because I felt that many young Filipinos cannot read old Tagalog anymore. Also, I realize that there are many Filipinos born and raised overseas who simply cannot read Tagalog, period.
But they remain Filipinos at heart. They long to learn something about their heritage, ancestry, and roots.
More than a century has passed since the publication of Mag-inang Mahirap but it hasn’t lost its relevance. Let me share with you a paragraph from my dissertation’s introduction:
Aside from its power to transport the reader to its time and place, … this novel seems as if it has been written today. Perhaps, it is because the same socio-economic and political problems of the past are the same socio-economic and political problems of the present…